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Solutions for Common Prostate Problems
By the time men reach their 50s or 60s, it is almost inevitable that they will experience difficulties related to their prostate gland.
Common symptoms include more frequent need to urinate, waking up during the night to “go,” or trouble even “going” at all.
These signs should not be ignored or overlooked as they can indicate serious problems, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and even prostate cancer.
Fortunately, a number of natural extracts have proven value in preventing, and often reversing, symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis with a high safety profile.
There is also evidence that certain supplements can help prevent prostate cancer, and even slow the rate of cancer progression if it does occur.
This article supplies essential information for men wishing to prevent prostate trouble—and solutions for those with existing issues.
The Aging Prostate Gland
The three most common prostate conditions are:- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Prostatitis (inflammation of prostate)
- Prostate cancer 1
These conditions often produce similar symptoms in their early stages, making it difficult to differentiate between them. These common symptoms can include the following:
- More frequent need to urinate
- More urgent need to urinate
- Decreased urine flow or dribbling
- Frequent nighttime awakening to urinate
- Burning with urination
The reason prostate problems are likely to cause trouble with the lower urinary tract has to do with the prostate’s location. The prostate is located between the lower part of the bladder and the rectum. It surrounds the internal part of the urethra , the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the end of the penis.
When the prostate swells, whether because of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, or prostatitis, it narrows the urethra, making it difficult for urine to pass freely from the bladder. As the gland continues to grow, it can produce sufficient blockage to lead to difficulty urinating, and even urinary retention, which in turn can result in bladder and kidney infections.
While most prostate problems can be readily treated—and the vast majority are not cancer-related—it is important to seek medical attention as soon as a symptom arises. 1
Researchers have identified a number of nutrients that have been found to alleviate many of the unpleasant prostate symptoms. Let’s look at the data on some of the best-known and most effective supplements that can help men optimize their prostate health.
Nature’s Solutions for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland. Approximately 25% of men in their 40s have benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a startling 80% of men in their 70s suffering from the condition. 2
The good news is that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not cancerous. It is a major risk factor for sexual dysfunction. Conventional treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia can cause unpleasant side effects that are also a cause for sexual dysfunction. 3
Fortunately, studies have shown that certain nutrients help alleviate many of the symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and can significantly improve quality of life as a result.
Saw Palmetto
Saw palmetto is one of the most well-known natural treatments for prostate problems. Recent studies suggest that saw palmetto may also be beneficial for chronic prostatitis, prevention of prostate cancer, and even sexual dysfunction. 3,4
There is evidence to suggest that saw palmetto has similar efficacy to finasteride (Proscar ® ) and tamsulosin (Flomax ® ), two medications used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. 3,5,6 Of even greater interest, a lower incidence of associated sexual dysfunction was seen in men supplemented with saw palmetto compared to those given pharmaceuticals. 5
A 2013 study demonstrated that elderly men treated with 320 mg of saw palmetto extract daily for eight weeks not only experienced a significant 52% improvement in their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the standard tool used to measure the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, but also had a significant 40% improvement in sexual dysfunction scores! 3
A host of other studies compellingly demonstrate the impact of saw palmetto extract on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Two large meta-analyses including more than 7,000 men from 38 studies showed that saw palmetto extracts produced significant improvements in the International Prostate Symptom Score, reductions in frequency of nighttime urinations, and improvements in peak urine flow rates. 7,8 Indeed, saw palmetto produced similar improvements in urinary symptoms and urinary flow compared to the drug finasteride, but with fewer adverse effects . 7
Based on all of these studies, a 2015 review article concluded that, while drug therapy might be most effective for moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia, herbal medications including saw palmetto are useful for men with mild to moderate symptoms. 9
Not all studies demonstrate desired relief with saw palmetto, 10 which is why combining it with additional nutrients is the preferred choice for most aging males.
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Natural Treatments for Prostate Health
- The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that has important functions in the male reproductive system.
- With age, the prostate is known for causing problems with urination and pain, as well as cancer.
- A number of natural extracts have proven value in preventing and often reversing symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis as effectively and with a much better safety profile than existing drug therapies.
- Most prostate problems are not cancer-related, and proper supplementation can lead to improved prostate health and fewer risks for problems down the line.
Stinging Nettle Root
Stinging nettle root ( Urtica dioica ) has been widely used as therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. 11 Both human and animal studies have shown that nettle root extract is effective not only in relieving benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms , but also in shrinking the size of the prostate gland. 11-13
A study on nettle root extract was shown to improve lower urinary tract symptoms significantly better than placebo, with marked improvements in the International Prostate Symptom Scores, increases in peak urinary flow rates, and reductions in residual urine volume remaining in the bladder. 12
The most compelling findings show that the combination of nettle root extract and saw palmetto extract can produce improvements similar to those of prescription benign prostatic hyperplasia medications with far fewer adverse events. 6,14,15 Of particular interest, a study involving 257 elderly men with benign prostatic hyperplasia found that the combination of the extracts reduced the International Prostate Symptom Scores by 53% , improve urinary flow by 19% , and reduced residual urine volume by 44% when compared to placebo. 16
In addition, repeated studies have revealed that saw palmetto, combined with nettle extract, can reduce nighttime urination by one episode per night, a substantial and significant difference. 14
SYMPTOMS OF PROSTATE PROBLEMS 1
Regardless of the cause, symptoms of prostate enlargement that can signal prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or prostate cancer are similar in their early stages. They include the following:
- More frequent need to urinate
- More urgent need to urinate
- Decreased urine flow or dribbling
- Frequent nighttime awakening to urinate
- Burning with urination symptoms of prostatitis include, in addition to those of general prostate trouble: 1
- A strong and frequent urge to urinate, even when only a small amount of urine is present
- Chills, fever, low back pain, or body aches
- Pain in the lower abdomen, the groin area, or behind the scrotum
- Pressure or pain in the rectum
- Discharge from the urethra (urinary opening) during bowel movements
- Throbbing in the genital and/or rectal area
- Problems with sexuality and loss of drive
- Painful ejaculation symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia include, in addition to those of general prostate trouble: 1
- Hesitation or difficulty starting a urine stream
- A weak or slow stream of urine, or just a dribble of urine
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- A sense of incomplete emptying of the bladder
- Repeated stopping and starting during a single urination
- Pushing or straining to complete bladder emptying
The symptoms of prostate cancer are often difficult to distinguish from those of benign prostatic hyperplasia. That means that men with any such symptoms should see their physicians early to allow for proper diagnosis and treatment. Annual PSA screening to detect early-stage prostate cancer is highly recommended.
Pygeum Africanum
Pygeum africanum is a plum tree from tropical Africa. 17 It has been in widespread use in Central and Eastern Europe for decades and numerous human studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of pygeum in the management of mild to moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia. 18,19 At typical doses of 100 mg per day, the extract produces significant improvements in International Prostate Symptom Scores of 38% to 46% , 19 reductions in frequency of nighttime urination of 32% , 18 and increases in peak urinary flow rates of 16% to 19% . 19 Quality of life, an important measure for this disruptive condition, was increased by about 30% in two studies. 18,19
A meta-analysis of 18 randomized, controlled trials involving 1,562 men has shown similar results, with overall reduction in nocturnal urination of 19% and increased urine flow of 23% . It also showed that men who took pygeum had an important reduction in the volume of urine remaining in the bladder after urination, a major risk factor for urinary tract infections. In that analysis, men using pygeum extract were more than twice as likely as those using placebo to report an overall improvement in urinary tract symptoms. 20
Additional Nutrients for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Pumpkin seed. Studies have shown that supplementation with pumpkin seed led to clinically relevant reductions in the International Prostate Symptom Scores compared with placebo after three to 12 months. 21,22 One of these studies also showed that the combination of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto improved quality of life scores and showed 41.7% reduction on serum PSA levels at the end of the study when compared to baseline. 22
Pollen extracts. A meta-analysis of 444 men demonstrated that rye grass pollen extract significantly improved self-rated urinary symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Men in this study were also more than twice as likely to report improvement in nocturnal urination compared with placebo, and no side effects were reported. 23
Flaxseed. Flaxseed is a rich source of dietary lignans . In the intestine, they are converted by bacteria into other bioactive compounds, particularly enterolactone . A human study on dietary flaxseed lignan extract demonstrated significant reductions in the International Prostate Symptom Scores and improvements in quality of life in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. 24
Prostate Cancer Prevention
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy experienced by men, 25 with more than 180,000 American men diagnosed a year, according to the American Cancer Society. 26
While it can be life threatening, most men do not die from prostate cancer. The five-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates for men diagnosed with prostate cancer are 99% , 98% , and 95% respectively. 27 In fact, it is estimated that more than 2.9 million American men are living with the disease right now. 26 In addition, it is among the most readily prevented cancers because it tends to grow very slowly and because nutritional approaches to prevention can be highly effective . 17
Let’s take a look at five of the most effective nutrients against prostate cancer.
Lycopene
A nutrient with significant potential effects against prostate cancer is lycopene , a bright red carotenoid pigment abundant in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. 28-30
High consumption of lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer—and also with a reduced risk of dying from the disease. Among men with more aggressive prostate cancers, above-average lycopene consumption was associated with a 59% reduction in the risk of dying from the disease! 31
Higher blood lycopene levels have also been consistently associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. 32
Additionally, lycopene inhibits the inflammatory processes that promote prostate (and many other) cancers by suppressing critical “master regulatory molecules” such as nuclear factor-kappa beta (NFkB). 33
Pygeum Africanum
In addition to combating many of the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, pygeum africanum has shown early evidence of potent anticancer effects.
One study found that when mice bred to have prostate cancers were treated with pygeum extract, they had significantly lower incidence of developing the malignancy. This same study showed that when applied directly to prostate cancer cells in culture, pygeum extract had numerous benefits, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and binding to androgen receptors used by the tumor to sustain growth. 17
Another important study showed that serum from a man using pygeum extract could decrease the proliferation of prostate cells in culture and upregulated genes involved in tumor suppression. 34
LYCOPENE MAY SLOW CANCER PROGRESSION
Most men by middle age have been offered a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) , which is produced in excessive amounts by prostate cancers and can be effectively used to help identify early-stage malignancy. PSA can also elevate in response to prostatitis and benign prostate enlargement.
Lycopene , the red pigment from tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, is one of the few compounds convincingly demonstrated to slow the rise of PSA in men with prostate cancer.
One study showed that, for men with advanced tumors, lycopene plus removal of the testes (to deprive the tumor of growth-promoting male hormones) was superior to surgery alone, with a significant difference in PSA levels by two years after the procedure. 51 Men in this study also had fewer secondary tumors, better relief from bone pain, improved urine flow, and, most importantly, an improved survival rate compared with those undergoing testes removal only.
In another study of men with prostate cancer, 10 mg of lycopene per day significantly slowed the rate of PSA rise in 70% of treated men, and in 21% , turned the rise into a decline. 52
Since PSA is now known to have direct contributions to prostate cancer growth in addition to serving as a marker for the disease, 43 it seems sensible for men, even without known cancers, to supplement with lycopene as a way of suppressing this important risk factor.
Three Additional Nutrients to Fight Prostate Cancer
Boswellia extract. Numerous studies on cultured prostate cancer cells have shown that boswellia extract induces tumor death by apoptosis. 35-38 Other studies also show that its components may prevent tumor growth by blocking the androgen (male hormone) receptors 39 and by inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), further depriving tumors of nutrients. 36
Flaxseed. Studies confirmed that flaxseed supplementation lowers PSA levels and significantly reduces the proliferation of normal prostate cells and prostate cancer cells. 40,41 In a clinical study, supplementation with flaxseed generated favorable reductions in tumor proliferation rates in men with prostate cancer in as little as 30 days. 41
Boron. According to one study, men with the highest dietary boron intakes have a 54% lower risk of developing prostate cancer compared to those with the lowest intake. 42 Boron is known to block certain growth factors necessary for tumor development, and it has also been shown to inhibit the enzymatic action of PSA, which releases those same growth factors from their transport proteins. 43 In an animal study, human prostate cancers implanted in mice were smaller by 38% following low-dose boron supplementation, while serum PSA levels fell 89% . 43
Relief for Chronic Prostatitis
Chronic prostatitis is a term used to describe ongoing inflammation of the prostate gland, usually in the absence of any known infection. 1 It is often found as part of a condition known as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, both of which are common in older men and unfortunately difficult to treat with standard medication, leaving men who suffer from this condition in considerable misery. 44-46
Fortunately, studies show that rye grass pollen extract may be a viable approach to treating this challenging condition.
One early study demonstrated that men assigned to receive rye grass pollen extract showed significant improvements in reported pain and quality of life. They also showed improvements on total scores on the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scale, compared with placebo. 47
Subsequent studies found similar results, with more supplemented subjects reporting significant improvements in quality of life and symptom scores. 48,49
None of these studies identified significant side effects, which suggests that rye grass pollen is both safe and effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis, a stubborn condition that has resisted other treatment approaches.
Summary
The human prostate is a small gland with an enormous impact on a man’s health. Most of its functions are important in reproductive activity, but problems tend to arise later in life.
The most common prostate problems include benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, and prostate cancer. Treatments, when available, vary in effectiveness and carry considerable side effects.
A large handful of dietary supplements has shown real promise in reducing the impact of prostate disease. While no single supplement can provide complete coverage against potential problems, those discussed here have overlapping mechanisms of action. This suggests that, taken in combination, they can contribute to reducing the risk of prostate disease, and many have been shown to help reverse the most troubling symptoms.
Starting a comprehensive prostate health supplement regimen is the smart thing to do, even (and especially) before symptoms arise.
References
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- Zhan XX, Shang XJ, Huang YF. Application of saw palmetto fruit extract in the treatment of prostate diseases. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2015;21(9):841-6.
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- Moradi HR, Erfani Majd N, Esmaeilzadeh S, et al. The histological and histometrical effects of Urtica dioica extract on rat’s prostate hyperplasia. Vet Res Forum. 2015;6(1):23-9.
- Oelke M, Berges R, Schlafke S, et al. Fixed-dose combination PRO 160/120 of sabal and urtica extracts improves nocturia in men with LUTS suggestive of BPH: re-evaluation of four controlled clinical studies. World J Urol. 2014;32(5):1149-54.
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- Breza J, Dzurny O, Borowka A, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of tadenan (Pygeum africanum extract) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): a multicentre trial in central Europe. Curr Med Res Opin. 1998;14(3):127-39.
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- Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R, et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(1):Cd001044.
- Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, et al. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-95.
- Hong H, Kim CS, Maeng S. Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nutr Res Pract. 2009;3(4):323-7.
- MacDonald R, Ishani A, Rutks I, et al. A systematic review of Cernilton for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2000;85(7):836-41.
- Zhang W, Wang X, Liu Y, et al. Effects of dietary flaxseed lignan extract on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Med Food. 2008;11(2):207-14.
- Mariani S, Lionetto L, Cavallari M, et al. Low prostate concentration of lycopene is associated with development of prostate cancer in patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(1):1433-40.
- Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-key-statistics . Accessed March 14, 2016.
- Available at: http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/statistics . Accessed March 15, 2016.
- Borel P, Desmarchelier C, Nowicki M, et al. Lycopene bioavailability is associated with a combination of genetic variants. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015;83:238-44.
- Holzapfel NP, Holzapfel BM, Champ S, et al. The potential role of lycopene for the prevention and therapy of prostate cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidence. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(7):14620-46.
- Grainger EM, Hadley CW, Moran NE, et al. A comparison of plasma and prostate lycopene in response to typical servings of tomato soup, sauce or juice in men before prostatectomy. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(4):596-607.
- Wang Y, Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, et al. Lycopene, tomato products and prostate cancer-specific mortality among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Int J Cancer. 2016.
- Chen P, Zhang W, Wang X, et al. Lycopene and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1260.
- Assar EA, Vidalle MC, Chopra M, et al. Lycopene acts through inhibition of IkappaB kinase to suppress NF-kappaB signaling in human prostate and breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2016.
- Larre S, Camparo P, Comperat E, et al. Biological effect of human serum collected before and after oral intake of Pygeum africanum on various benign prostate cell cultures. Asian J Androl. 2012;14(3):499-504.
- El Gaafary M, Buchele B, Syrovets T, et al. An alpha-acetoxy-tirucallic acid isomer inhibits Akt/mTOR signaling and induces oxidative stress in prostate cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;352(1):33-42.
- Pang X, Yi Z, Zhang X, et al. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid inhibits prostate tumor growth by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2009;69(14):5893-900.
- Lu M, Xia L, Hua H, et al. Acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid induces apoptosis through a death receptor 5-mediated pathway in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2008;68(4):1180-6.
- Buchele B, Zugmaier W, Estrada A, et al. Characterization of 3alpha-acetyl-11-keto-alpha-boswellic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Planta Med. 2006;72(14):1285-9.
- Yuan HQ, Kong F, Wang XL, et al. Inhibitory effect of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid on androgen receptor by interference of Sp1 binding activity in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;75(11):2112-21.
- Demark-Wahnefried W, Robertson CN, Walther PJ, et al. Pilot study to explore effects of low-fat, flaxseed-supplemented diet on proliferation of benign prostatic epithelium and prostate-specific antigen. Urology. 2004;63(5):900-4.
- Demark-Wahnefried W, Polascik TJ, George SL, et al. Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3577-87.
- Cui Y, Winton MI, Zhang ZF, et al. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Oncol Rep. 2004;11(4):887-92.
- Gallardo-Williams MT, Chapin RE, King PE, et al. Boron supplementation inhibits the growth and local expression of IGF-1 in human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) tumors in nude mice. Toxicol Pathol. 2004;32(1):73-8.
- Nickel JC. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31 Suppl 1:S112-6.
- Monden K, Tsugawa M, Ninomiya Y, et al. A Japanese version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI, Okayama version) and the clinical evaluation of cernitin pollen extract for chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002;93(4):539-47.
- Potts JM. Therapeutic options for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Curr Urol Rep. 2005;6(4):313-7.
- Wagenlehner FM, Schneider H, Ludwig M, et al. A pollen extract (Cernilton) in patients with inflammatory chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Eur Urol. 2009;56(3):544-51.
- Cai T, Wagenlehner FM, Luciani LG, et al. Pollen extract in association with vitamins provides early pain relief in patients affected by chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Exp Ther Med. 2014;8(4):1032-8.
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- Ansari MS, Gupta NP. A comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the management of advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2003;92(4):375-8; discussion 8.
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Written By: Michael Tewson
Article Source: http://www.lifeextension.com/Magazine/2016/6/Solutions-for-Common-Prostate-Problems/Page-01
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DHEA
DHEA or Dehydroepiandrosterone, is the most abundant steroid found in the human blood stream. It is also one of the most reliable bio-markers of aging. DHEA is secreted by the adrenal glands, and also produced in the gonads (testes and ovaries), and the brain. It is sometimes called the “mother of all hormones” because it is the building block from which estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are produced, and is vital to health. Thousands of scientific article have been published on DHEA during the last 50 years, but a clear picture of its role in human health didn’t begin to merge until the 1990’s.
DHEA exhibits an amazingly wide diversity of effects!
DHEA has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-dementia, anti-obesity, anti-carcinogenic, anti-stress, immune-enhancing, anti-viral and anti-bacterial, anti-aging and anti-heart disease effects. In addition, research has shown that DHEA:
- Is an anti-oxidant
- Decreases body fat
- Is a hormone regulator (it helps regulate the thyroid & pituitary glands, and enhances thymus gland function)
- Decreases cholesterol
- Stimulates the production of Human growth hormone
- Boost immunity by stimulating killer cell activity (alleviation of symptoms inpatients with Lupus, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis etc)
- Increases the sensitivity of cells to insulin
- Assists in returning the body to a balanced state after a stress reaction
- Improves cognitive function, bone formation and libido
- Enhances mood by increasing the brain’s serotonin level
DHEA Levels Decrease With Age
Your DHEA levels vary throughout your life, and naturally decline as you get older.
We produce large amounts when we are young, and research shows that children’s brains require a significant amount of DHEA to grow and develop. DHEA levels peak at age 25 and decline at a rate of about 2% a year, thereafter. It isn’t until the mid forties, however, that we begin to the effects of lower DHEA levels. By age 80, most people’s DHEA blood levels are only about 15% of where they were during their 20’s. By the time we’re 90, DHEA levels are down to 5%DHEA Deficiency
Symptoms of DHEA deficiency include: poor memory, poor resistance to noise,
anxiety, Lack of motivation, decreased libido, decreased armpit and pubic hair, and
dry skin, eyes or hair.Very low levels of DHEA have been linked to Cardio-vascular disease in men, some
cancers, trauma, and stress; Research has shown has shown that Alzheimer patients
have exhibited low DHEA levels, when compared to their healthy counterparts.
Other Factors that contribute to decreased DHEA levels:- Chronic disease
- Excessive sugar intake
- Nicotine
- Caffeine
- Alcohol
- Nutritional imbalances
- A vegetarian diet low in cholesterol and healthy fats
Recommended Doses of DHEA
For men: Typical safe dose of Plain DHEA range from 25-100mg daily. DHEA is a
available in a Sublingual tablet, capsule, Topical cream or injectable forms. Dosages
depend on age, symptoms and blood levels.For Women: In order to avoid potential side effects which include Acne, Facial hair
growth, deeper voice, thinning hair and genital virilization, a maximum of 25mg
daily is recommended in divided dosage. Effective dose range from 5mg-25mg.What Is 7-Keto DHEA?
Keto DHEA, also known as 7-Keto, is a metabolite of the adrenal hormone DHEA. But
because It doesn’t break down into the sex hormones Estrogen or Testosterone, is it
considered non-hormonal. Many of the potential side effects associated with DHEA
are avoided: such as Acne, facial hair growth in women and hair loss.Functions of 7-Keto DHEA include:
- Increases muscle mass
- Decreases stress
- Increases metabolic rate by increase levels of Free T3
- Accelerate weight loss in healthy adult
Weight Loss
7-Keto DHEA has clinically been shown to increase metabolism and contribute to healthy weight loss. One way that 7-Keto contributes to weight loss is by increasing the activity of thermogenic enzymes responsible for fatty acid oxidation. 7-Keto has been shown to accelerate fat loss threefold without any stimulant effect on the body.
It takes between 200mg-400mg in divided dosages a day, accompanied by balanced diet (calorie restriction) and exercise in order to loose significant fat and enhance muscle mass. For women, 100mg twice/day of 7-Keto DHEA is usually enough. Very low levels of DHEA have been linked to Cardio-vascular disease in men, some cancers, trauma, and stress; Research has shown has shown that Alzheimer patients have exhibited low DHEA levels, when compared to their healthy counterparts.
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Low T & Low D: A Deadly Duo
A new study sheds some light, albeit a disturbing illumination, on men who carry both low free testosterone and low Vitamin D levels.
The study was published in February of 2012 and consisted of 2,069 men*. It’s findings concluded that when men were deficient in free testosterone and deficient in Vitamin D they had a 77% increase in cardiovascular-related mortality.
More disturbing, however, was the increase in non-cardiovascular deaths. When deficient in both free testosterone and Vitamin D, the researchers concluded there was an astounding 133% increase in non-cardiovascular mortality.
The researchers conducting this study carefully adjusted for confounding factors like age, body-mass index, active smoking, physical activity, diabetes, C-reactive protein, prevalent coronary artery disease, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone.
This new study closely resembles findings from a study of 858 US military veterans over the age of 40. The study took place over 8 years, with doctors monitoring the testosterone levels of the men in the group, and examining their accompanying health issues. The results there showed an 88% increased risk of death among the men in the low testosterone range. The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
In light of this new evidence, all men aged 30 years and older should begin testing immediately. We recommend you seek out a qualified hormone physician who has been trained in testosterone restoration and hormone balancing. Unfortunately, far too many primary care doctors do not test men’s testosterone levels, let alone their Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy) levels. If they do, the resulting tests almost always omit estrogen levels. And the therapy prescribed will, often times, be testosterone creams or gels, without any regard to estrogen increases or testicular atrophy.
Men concerned with low testosterone or who want to be tested should contact Boston Testosterone Partners. Specialists in testosterone restoration, they now treat patients nationally through their numerous affiliate offices.
Boston Testosterone Partners has begun the widespread testing of men’s Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy) levels, in addition to their comprehensive hormone testing. Where deficient, physician prescriptions for pharmaceutical grade Vitamin D are dispensed to patients. Men are then retested 10 weeks post therapy to adjust and optimize their levels into the recommended 50-60 ng/mL range.
Boston Testosterone is uniquely positioned to quickly conduct testing for men nationwide. If you are interested in having a National Hormone Physician order testing for you, please contact Boston Testosterone online.
Boston Testosterone is a Testosterone Replacement, Wellness and Preventative Medicine Medical Center that treats and prevents the signs and symptoms associated with Andropause and hormone imbalances. With affiliates nationally, Boston Testosterone offers hormone replacement therapy, weight loss protocols, erectile dysfunction (ED), Sermorelin-GHRP2 therapy and neutraceutical injectable therapies for men and women. Their medical facilities offer physician examinations and treatment programs that incorporate the latest in medical science.
*Lerchbaum E, Pilz S, Boehm BO, Grammer TB, Obermayer-Pietsch B, März W. Combination of low free testosterone and low vitamin D predicts mortality in older men referred for coronary angiography. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04371.x.
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For Men, Sex Twice a Week Slashes Risk of Heart Disease
Data from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (US) suggests that men who have sex at least two times a week may cut their risks of heart disease by 50%.
New England Research Institute (Massachusetts, USA) researchers studied the role of sexual activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studying data from men participating in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (USA), involving men ages 40 to 70 years, Susan A. Hall and colleagues examined sexual function variables (including erectile dysfunction) and the subsequent development of CVD. Tracking the sexual activity of the men over a 16-year study period, the team found that a low frequency of sexual activity (once a month or less) was associated with increased risk of CVD, and that men who had sex twice a week or more were at 50% reduced risk of having a heart attack.
Article Source: http://www.worldhealth.net/news/men-sex-twice-week-slashes-risk-heart-disease/
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Sermorelin-GHRP 2, A Profound Effect on Body Composition with Renewed Energy!
SERMORELIN – GHRP2 & GHRP6
Call Boston Testosterone Partner s to learn more about our FDA approved Second Generation HGH releasing peptide therapy.
We are the Nation’s foremost medical experts in HGH optimization through the use of prescription Sermorelin GHRP2 & GHRP6! Importantly, we are also the only Men’s Hormone Clinic that requires our pharmacies to send out Laboratory Analysis Reports with every Rx to every patient.
Far superior technology than any other Sermorelin product available in the US. See the difference with BTP.
Eliminate Cellulite
Increase Energy
Increase Mood and Memory
Increase Lean Muscle Mass
Reduce Body Fat
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Lower Blood Pressure
Improve Cholesterol levels
Improve Kidney Function
At Boston Testosterone, our state-of-the-art compounding pharmacy has focused their considerable knowledge on producing a product that delivers greater benefits to the patient at a price that is more affordable than HGH. This exciting, new product, SERMORELIN GHRP2, has proven to be much more effective and have a more profound effect on body composition.
When we’re young, our bodies produce a growth hormone releasing factor that triggers our pituitary gland to produce and release human growth hormone (hGH) in levels that are sufficient to sustain good health and vitality. However, as we age, growth hormone releasing factor declines causing a decrease in the production and secretion of pituitary hGH. This often results in a growth hormone deficiency that can erode health, diminish vigor and vitality, and lead to a host of undesirable symptoms.
A Natural, Effective, Affordable Alternative
Traditionally, adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) has been treated by substituting natural hGH with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Now, our breakthrough product, SERMORELIN GHRP2 offers a natural, effective, and affordable alternative to recombinant human growth hormone for those suffering the symptoms of age-related growth hormone deficiency.
Developed in 1998 by Serono Laboratories, Inc., the makers of Saizen hGH, FDA approved Sermorelin is the most natural and effective treatment for AGHD. As a releasing agent, SERMORELIN GHRP2 triggers the pituitary gland to produce your own natural growth hormone. Your body regulates the level and frequency of hGH release, so you don’t experience the side effects associated with injected rhGH.
No Off Cycles!
SERMORELIN GHRP2 requires no off-cycles. In fact, the longer you use it, the better your pituitary gland functions, more like it did when you were younger!! In addition, SERMORELIN GHRP2 can be used to re-stimulate the natural production of human growth hormone, making it a very effective off-cycle medication for those on an injected rhGH therapy program.
At our pharmacy, we’ve combined the pituitary-supporting effects of Sermorelin with the stimulating action of GHRP-2 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide). GHRP-2 stimulates the pituitary gland which causes an increase in growth hormone release. In addition to amplifying your GH releasing Hormone, GHRP-2 also acts to suppress other hormones that inhibit your body’s natural growth hormone secretion. GHRP-2 also supports your central nervous system by protecting neurons, as well as, increasing strength similar to the way certain steroids in the dihydrotestosterone family do.
Restore Your Health and Vitality!
Bottom line, restoring optimal growth hormone levels can sustain and promote youthful anatomy and physiology, thereby helping to restore the health and vitality often lost with age-related growth hormone deficiency. SERMORELIN GHRP2 not only provides the youth restoring benefits of hGH on body composition, it also helps maintain good pituitary health.
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Moderate Drinking May Slow Decline of ‘Good’ Cholesterol
Drinking up to two alcoholic beverages daily may slow the decline of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Consumption of up to two alcoholic beverages a day may slow the decline of “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. New research says that moderate intake of alcohol might benefit HDL levels. However, the data suggests differential effects on the basis of the type of alcoholic beverage and other factors.
There are two types of cholesterol:
A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is referred to as the “bad” cholesterol. It can cause a high-level buildup of plaque in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks.
B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol helps to remove the “bad” LDL from the arteries and carries it back to the liver, where it is broken down and is removed from the body. This has earned HDL the title of “good” cholesterol.
A research team from Pennsylvania State University and China’s Kailuan Hospital recently presented findings at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2016 in New Orleans, LA. That event, the world’s premier cardiovascular instructional and research meeting in the world, featured five days of the best in clinical, translational, and population content.
The team analyzed data from 80,081 Chinese adults who were an average age of 49 years who were free of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The alcohol intake of the participants was assessed at the baseline in 2006, and they were placed in one of five groups: heavy, moderate, light, past, and never. Moderate drinking was 0.5-1 drink daily for women and one to two drinks a day for men.
The HDL levels were also measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. During follow-up, the subjects did not take LDL-cholesterol lowering medications. The HDL levels of all participants decreased during follow-up. Moderate drinkers experienced a slower HDL decline when compared to never-drinkers and heavy drinkers.
Further analysis showed that a slower decline in HDL cholesterol depended on the type of alcohol consumed. HDL levels fell slower with the moderate intake of beer. Among those who consumed hard liquor, only moderate and light drinkers had a slower HDL decline. An insufficient number of wine drinkers did not allow determination as to whether wine slowed the reduction of good cholesterol.
The team admits that further research is necessary in order to determine whether moderate alcohol intake is of benefit for HDL cholesterol among the populations of other countries. Also, it needs to be determined whether slower HDL reduction that goes along with alcohol consumption is associated with outcomes that are clinically relevant.
This research, however, offers additional support for the possible heart health benefits of moderate drinking when it increases HDL levels. Drinking needs to go along with lifestyle interventions such as eating a healthy diet, doing physical activity, and quitting smoking.
Article Source: http://www.worldhealth.net/news/moderate-drinking-may-slow-decline-good-cholestero/
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Exercise and Fertility
Infertility is recognized as a disease by the World Health Organization (WHO), American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 1
Defined as the inability to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex, infertility affects approximately 1 out of every 8 couples. 2
Approximately 90 percent of male infertility is due to low sperm count or poor sperm quality, and the remaining 10 percent are the result of structural abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, genetic defects or other problems. 3 Sperm abnormalities are critical to infertility and the health of a resulting pregnancy.
While much media attention has been placed on the necessity for women to care for their bodies prior to pregnancy, research has demonstrated the need for men to care for themselves in the same way to prevent birth defects, miscarriages and infertility.
Recent research now indicates that exercise may improve quality and quantity of sperm in men who were previously sedentary. 4
Exercise May Improve Sperm Quality and Quantity
In a study completed in Iran, researchers evaluated the effect of four different levels of exercise on sperm quality in sedentary men. Of the couples struggling with infertility, 1 in 3 are the result of poor sperm quality. 5
In this study, researchers from Urmia University evaluated the sperm of 261 healthy men over six months.
The participants were first determined to be otherwise healthy, between 25 and 40 years of age, and didn’t regularly participate in an exercise program. They were then separated into the following four groups: 6
- No exercise
- Three workouts a week of high-intensity training on a treadmill (HIIT)
- Three workouts a week of 30 minutes moderate-intensity continuous training on a treadmill (MICT)
- Three workouts a week of one-hour high-intensity continuous training on a treadmill (HICT)
The researchers used semen samples before, during and after the six-month exercise period to evaluate sperm motility, size, morphology (shape), count, semen volume and levels of inflammatory markers.
After 24 weeks, it was the MICT group who experienced the greatest improvements, although the HICT and HIIT groups also experienced improvement over the group who did not exercise. 7
The MICT group had a greater than 8 percent rise in semen volume, over 12 percent improvement in sperm motility, 17 percent improvement in morphology and just over 21 percent more sperm cells on average. 8
However, while the men enjoyed these improvements during the exercise program, the sperm count, concentration and morphology began dropping back to pre-workout levels within a week after stopping. Lead author of the study, Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki commented: 9
“Our results show that doing exercise can be a simple, cheap and effective strategy for improving sperm quality in sedentary men.
However, it’s important to acknowledge that the reason some men can’t have children isn’t just based on their sperm count. Male infertility problems can be complex and changing lifestyles might not solve these cases easily.”
Moderate Exercise Increases Sperm Quality
The authors of the study theorized that although weight loss achieved by the men during the six months of the study was likely to have contributed to improving sperm quality, the men participating in MICT may have experienced the greatest impact as MICT reduces exposure to inflammatory agents and oxidative stress. 10
Scientists have determined that exposure to electromagnetic fields, increased heat, poor nutrition, obesity, drugs, alcohol and bicycling may reduce sperm quality, and theorize that reducing these factors and improving health would then improve sperm health.
Another study of 31 men, 16 of whom were active (but did not bike) and 15 sedentary, underwent a shorter evaluation of sperm quality, 11 using the WHO’s sperm quality parameters, including volume, count, motility and morphology. 12
Researchers found physically active men had a higher concentration of sperm, semen volume and a higher percentage of sperm with normal morphology.
In a previous study, these same authors found men who engaged in intense exercise instead experienced a reduction in sperm quality, but moderate exercise appeared to be linked to improve sperm quality.
Researchers from the most recent study also found that moderate activity, as described in their study parameters, yielded better results. The researchers commented: 13
“The present study adds to this body of evidence and shows seminal markers of inflammation and oxidative stress improved significantly after 24 weeks of MICT, HICT or HIIT, and these changes correspond with favorable improvements in semen quality parameters and sperm DNA integrity.
These results further indicate that MICT was more beneficial in improving markers of male reproductive function, compared to HICT and HIIT.
These observations suggest that the intensity, duration and type of exercise training could be taken into consideration when investigating reproductive responses to exercise training in men.”
Male Infertility Responsible for 30 Percent of Cases
Allan Pacey, Ph.D., and fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), is the British Fertility Society spokesman and professor of andrology at the University of Sheffield. He also commented on the research results and how they may affect fertility: 14
“In this context, the study makes a good contribution to the knowledge base. It is a very well conducted and a strength is that it is a randomized controlled trial with extensive data collection.
Also, the study examines how exercise affects many of the parameters of male reproductive health, not just sperm quality. However, what is likely to be of most interest to men and their doctors are the results concerning sperm quality.
Importantly, these seem to show a statistical improvement to various degrees when the men embarked on their different exercise regimes compared to men who did no exercise at all. However, an important question is whether these statistical changes are enough to be of any clinical significance.”
Male infertility contributes to 30 percent of all infertility cases. 15 Of the four major causes of male infertility, between 40 percent and 50 percent of poor sperm quality is attributed to unknown factors. Male infertility is a complex condition encompassing both the health of the sperm and the mechanical functioning of the male reproductive system. 16
Testing for male infertility includes a semen sample analysis, blood work, physical examination and an evaluation for any current infections or structural damage from past infections. Although frustrating to a couple trying to conceive a child, the risk of poor sperm quality extends beyond the inability to conceive.
Risks Associated With Poor Sperm Quality
Sperm motility, or the ability of sperm to move quickly and in a straight line, is one factor associated with sperm quality. Sperm that are sluggish or move poorly may be associated with DNA fragmentation, and the potential risk for passing genetic diseases. 17 There is also some evidence that male infertility may be a risk factor for testicular cancer. 18
Recurrent miscarriages may be attributed to chromosomal damage to either the egg or the sperm, 19 and reduced sperm quality is associated with congenital deformities. 20 Chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm may contribute to poor sperm quality.
The risks of poor quality sperm also extend to the health of the man. Defects in sperm quality are linked to a variety of health concerns, including high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and skin and glandular disorders. 21 Lead researcher Dr. Michael Eisenberg, assistant professor of urology and director of reproductive medicine and surgery at Stanford School of Medicine, commented that “[i]t may be that infertility is a marker for sickness overall.” 22
A study evaluating more than 9,000 men with fertility issues found a correlation between defects in a man’s sperm and the likelihood he suffers from other health conditions. 23 A previous study Eisenberg co-authored also indicated that men who experienced infertility issues had an overall higher rate of mortality in the following years. According to Eisenberg: 24
“A man’s health is strongly correlated with his semen quality. Given the high incidence of infertility, we need to take a broader view. As we treat men’s infertility, we should also assess their overall health. That visit to a fertility clinic represents a big opportunity to improve their treatment for other conditions, which we now suspect could actually help resolve the infertility they came in for in the first place.”
Natural Sperm Boosting Options
While moderate exercise may help to improve sperm quality, there are other lifestyle choices that may help to enhance the improvements you experience. Infertility is a complex condition that is intimately incorporated the rest of your health. You may improve your sperm quality as you also improve your overall health and wellness.
Use Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise While Trying to Conceive
Although HIIT is a healthy adjunct to an exercise program, the increased heat and oxidative stress on your body may produce time-limited changes to your sperm quality, and reduce your potential to conceive.
Reduce Exposure to Toxic Chemicals
Unprecedented decline in fertility rates and semen quality in the past decade may be attributed to exposure to phthalates in your environment. 25 Animal studies have demonstrated an association between phthalates and testicular toxicity 26 and lowered sperm count. 27 Other chemicals to avoid include paint fumes, pesticides, formaldehyde, organic solvents and dry cleaning chemicals.
Optimize Your Vitamin D Level
Low vitamin D levels have been linked to infertility in both men and women. In men it is essential for the healthy development of the nucleus of the sperm cell, and helps maintain semen quality and sperm count.
Vitamin D also increases levels of testosterone, which may boost libido. Aim to maintain a level of 40 to 60 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) year-round.
Maintain Your Weight Within Normal Limits Through a Whole Food Diet
Obesity changes male hormone levels, which has a direct impact on sperm molecular composition and function. 28 Use fresh foods as often as possible, ideally organically grown, to avoid pesticides. Seek out pastured, organic meat and dairy products, raw nuts, seeds and vegetables, and avoid dangerous trans fats found in many processed foods and vegetable oils.
Reduce or Eliminate Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs
Each of these creates an added stress on your body with demonstrated reduction in fertility, sperm motility and quality.
Avoid the Heat
Sperm require a specific temperature to remain active and viable. Avoid wearing tight underwear and tight pants, taking hot showers or baths and sitting in hot tubs. Keep your laptop off your lap as the increased heat from the machine also increases the temperature of your scrotum. 29
Your body will naturally keep your sperm at the right temperature when you avoid circumstances that abnormally increase the temperature of your scrotum.
Avoid Placing Your Mobile Phone in Your Front Pants Pocket
Research shows mobile phone radiation increases DNA fragmentation and reduces sperm motility. 30
Written By: Dr. Mercola http://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2016/12/23/exercise-improve-male-fertility/
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Low Vitamin D Levels
Low vitamin D levels may not only increase a person’s risk of stroke, but lower their health post-stroke.
Low vitamin D has been associated in past studies with neurovascular injury (damage to the major blood vessels supplying the brain, brainstem, and upper spinal cord). Nils Henninger, from University of Massachusetts Medical School (Massachusetts, USA), and colleagues studied 96 stroke patients, assessing their blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (a marker of vitamin D status). Stroke patients who had low vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL) showed two-times larger areas of dead tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply compared to patients with normal vitamin D levels. Further, for each 10 ng/mL reduction in vitamin D level, the chance for healthy recovery in the three months following stroke decreased by almost half, regardless of the patient’s age or initial stroke severity.
Article Source: http://www.worldhealth.net/news/vitamin-d-stroke-link/
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How metformin prevents tumors: UCSD researchers
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified a previously unknown mechanism that helps fortify the structure and tight junctions between epithelial cells — a basic cell type that lines various body cavities and organs throughout the body, forming a protective barrier against toxins, pathogens and inflammatory triggers. Breaches of this barrier can provoke organ dysfunction and development of tumors.
The findings, published online in the current issue of eLife by senior author Pradipta Ghosh, MD, professor in the departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine, and colleagues, helps illuminate why the widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug Metformin has repeatedly been shown to not only protect epithelial integrity in the face of stressors like inflammation, sepsis, hypoxia and harmful microbes, but also appears to prevent cancer.
Virtually all cell types possess cell polarity — the asymmetrical organization of their components and structures that makes it possible for them to carry out specialized functions. In epithelial cells, polarity determines how they form barriers. Loss of epithelial polarity impacts organ development and function and can initiate cancers.
The stress-polarity pathway, discovered and described in 2006 and 2007, is a specialized pathway mobilized only during periods of stress. It is orchestrated by a protein-kinase called AMPK that protects cellular polarity when epithelial cells are under energetic stress and an activator of AMPK called LBK1.
“The latter is a bona fide tumor suppressor,” said Ghosh. Mutations in LBK1 have been linked to cancers and loss of cell polarity. While the question of exactly how the energy-sensing LKB1-AMPK pathway maintains cell polarity during stress remained unknown for more than a decade, evidence accumulated that Metformin, an activator of the LKB1-AMPK pathway and a frontline treatment for type 2 diabetes, has beneficial effects on the epithelial lining and can potentially prevent cancer.
The new research, said Ghosh, provides “mechanistic insights into the tumor suppressive action of Metformin and the LKB1-AMPK pathway at a higher resolution.” Specifically, she and colleagues discovered that the stress-polarity pathway requires a key effector of AMPK — a protein called GIV/Girdin.
In cultured polarized epithelial cells, the authors demonstrated that AMPK and its activator Metformin exerted much of their beneficial effects via phosphorylating GIV and directing GIV to the tight junctions of the epithelial layer. Without such phosphorylation and/or targeting, the beneficial effects of AMPK, and its activator Metformin, were virtually abolished and the epithelial barrier became “leaky” and eventually collapsed. Mutants of GIV found in colon cancer that specifically abolish AMPK’s ability to phosphorylate GIV could trigger tumor cell growth in 3D matrigel.
“In summary, by identifying GIV/Girdin as a key layer within the stress-polarity pathway we’ve peeled another layer of the proverbial onion,” Ghosh said. “In the process, we’ve provided new insights into the epithelium-protecting and tumor-suppressive actions of one of the most widely prescribed drugs, Metformin, which may inspire a fresh look and better designed studies to fully evaluate the benefits of this relatively cheap medication.”
###
Co-authors of the study are: Nicolas Aznar, Arjun Patel, Christina Rohena, Ying Dunkel, Vanessa Taupin, Irina Kufareva, and Marilyn Farquhar, all at UC San Diego.
Article Source: http://www.stonehearthnewsletters.com/how-metformin-prevents-tumors-ucsd-researchers/diabetes/
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Risk factors for prostate cancer
New research suggests that age, race and family history are the biggest risk factors for a man to develop prostate cancer, although high blood pressure, high cholesterol, vitamin D deficiency, inflammation of prostate, and vasectomy also add to the risk. In contrast, obesity, alcohol abuse, and smoking show a negative association with the disease. Details are reported in the International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics .
Khaled Alqahtani, Shankar Srinivasan, Dinesh Mital and Syed Haque of the Department of Health Informatics, at Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA, explain that prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men with 233000 new cases estimated in the USA during 2014 and almost 30000 deaths. A boy being born today has an almost 1 in 7 chance of developing prostate cancer at some point in their life and a 3% chance of dying from the disease. At this time, however, cancer specialists do not fully understand the underlying causes nor the epidemiology of prostate cancer.
Alqahtani and colleagues have analyzed data from The US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest database in the USA for all-payer inpatient health care. They focused on the years 2007-2011 amounting to more than 12 million records and looked at men aged 35 to 100 years, finding that approximately 5.35% of them had prostate cancer (642383 men). They then used statistical analyses to look at the independent variables: age, race, family history of prostate cancer, family history of any other cancer, obesity, alcohol abuse, smoking, cholesterol, vitamin D deficiency, inflammation of prostate, vasectomy, and hypertension, to see which factors were critical variables associated with prostate cancer incidence.
###
Alqahtani, K.S., Srinivasan, S., Mital, D.P. and Haque, S. (2015) ‘Analysis of risk factors for prostate cancer patients’, Int. J. Medical Engineering and Informatics , Vol. 7, No. 4, pp.365-380
Article Source: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-09/ip-rff092915.php
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