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Sleep loss lowers testosterone in healthy young men
Cutting back on sleep drastically reduces a healthy young man’s testosterone levels, according to a study published in the June 1 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
Eve Van Cauter, PhD, professor in medicine and director of the study, found that men who slept less than five hours a night for one week in a laboratory had significantly lower levels of testosterone than when they had a full night’s sleep. Low testosterone has a host of negative consequences for young men, and not just in sexual behavior and reproduction. It is critical in building strength and muscle mass, and bone density.
“Low testosterone levels are associated with reduced well being and vigor, which may also occur as a consequence of sleep loss” said Van Cauter.
At least 15% of the adult working population in the US gets less than 5 hours of sleep a night, and suffers many adverse health effects because of it. This study found that skipping sleep reduces a young man’s testosterone levels by the same amount as aging 10 to 15 years.
“As research progresses, low sleep duration and poor sleep quality are increasingly recognized as endocrine disruptors,” Van Cauter said.
The ten young men in the study were recruited from around the University of Chicago campus. They passed a rigorous battery of tests to screen for endocrine or psychiatric disorders and sleep problems. They were an average of 24 years old, lean and in good health.
For the study, they spent three nights in the laboratory sleeping for up to ten hours, and then eight nights sleeping less than five hours. Their blood was sampled every 15 to 30 minutes for 24 hours during the last day of the ten-hour sleep phase and the last day of the five-hour sleep phase.
The effects of sleep loss on testosterone levels were apparent after just one week of short sleep. Five hours of sleep decreased their testosterone levels by 10% to 15%. The young men had the lowest testosterone levels in the afternoons on their sleep restricted days, between 2 pm and 10 pm.
The young men also self-reported their mood and vigor levels throughout the study. They reported a decline in their sense of well-being as their blood testosterone levels declined. Their mood and vigor fell more every day as the sleep restriction part of the study progressed.
Testosterone levels in men decline by 1% to 2% a year as they age. Testosterone deficiency is associated with low energy, reduced libido, poor concentration, and fatigue.
Article Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-05/uocm-sll053111.php
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PDE5 inhibitors – Another reason to love them
Boston Testosterone Partners – Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Men with adjunct therapies in PDE5 inhibitors such as tadalafil (Cialis) and Sildenafil (Viagra). Here is another reason why many of our patients love to include tadalafil troches into their therapy protocols.
Researchers from the University of Bonn treated mice with Viagra and made an amazing discovery: The drug converts undesirable white fat cells and could thus potentially melt the unwelcome “spare tire” around the midriff. In addition, the substance also decreases the risk of other complications caused by obesity. The results are now published in “The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology ” ( FASEB ).
Sildenafil – better known as Viagra – is used to treat erectile dysfunction. This substance prevents degradation of cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate (cGMP), which then ensures blood supply for an erection. However, another effect of Viagra has been noticed quite some time ago – mice given sildenafil over longer periods of time were resistant to obesity when fed with high-fat diet. However, the cause for this reduced weight gain had been unclear. Researchers from the University of Bonn have been able to shed some light on this sildenafil effect. “We have been researching the effect of cGMP on fat cells for quite some time now,” reports Prof. Dr. Alexander Pfeifer, Director of the Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Bonn. “This is why sildenafil was a potentially interesting candidate for us.”
Viagra converts undesirable white fat cells into beige ones
Together with the PharmaCenter of the University of Bonn, the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), and the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, the team around Prof. Pfeifer studied the effect of sildenafil on fat cells in mice. The researchers administered the potency drug to the rodents for seven days. “The effects were quite amazing,” says Dr. Ana Kilic, one of Prof. Pfeifer’s colleagues. Sildenafil increased the conversion of white fat cells, which are found in human ‘problem areas’, into beige ones in the animals. “Beige fat cells burn the energy from ingested food and convert it to heat, says Prof. Pfeifer. Because the beige fat cells can “melt the fat” and thus fight obesity, researchers are very hopeful for their potential.
Positive effect on inflammation responses
In addition, the researchers observed something else of interest. If white fat cells are further “stuffed”/accumulating lipids, they are increasing in size and can synthesize and release hormones which in turn cause inflammation thus increasing the persons risk for chronic diseases. Such inflammatory responses may then lead to, e.g., cardio-vascular diseases resulting in heart attacks and strokes, as well as cancer and diabetes. “It seems that sildenafil prevented the fat cells in these mice from getting onto that slippery slope,” reports Prof. Pfeifer. Overall, the development of white cells seems to be healthier.
More than half a billion overweight people worldwide
Globally, over half a billion people are overweight. Present study has resulted in interesting starting points for further research on this mechanism. “Sildenafil is not only able to minimize erectile problems, but it can also reduce the risks of gaining excessive weight,” says Prof. Pfeifer. The researchers may have found a mechanism that allows converting the undesirable white fat cells into the “good” beige (brown-like) fat cells that “melt” away excess pounds. In addition, it might be possible to decrease complications related with obesity. “But this will need to be proven in additional studies,” adds Dr. Kilic.
Caution against premature application
Despite promising data, researchers caution the public against the fallacy of thinking that popping some sildenafil will work to quickly lose the extra pounds accumulated over the holidays. “We are currently in the basic research stage, and all the studies have been exclusively performed on mice,” stresses Prof. Pfeifer. It will be a long way until potentially suitable drugs for decreasing white fat cells in humans will be found.
Source: University of Bonn
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Low testosterone may cause health problems that lead to erectile dysfunction
Men with erectile dysfunction should be examined for testosterone deficiency and the metabolic syndrome, because these conditions commonly occur together, a new study shows. The results will be presented at The Endocrine Society’s 90th Annual Meeting in San Francisco.
“Erectile dysfunction is a portal into men’s health,” said the study’s senior author, Aksam Yassin, MD, PhD, of the Clinic for Urology and Andrology of the Segeberger Clinics in Norderstedt, Germany. “It is becoming clear that obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol problems and erectile difficulties are intertwined, and a common denominator is testosterone deficiency.”
Yassin’s research, performed with scientists from The Netherlands, Germany and the United Arab Emirates, aimed to determine in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) the prevalence of hypogonadism, the scientific term for testosterone deficiency.
Over a two-year period the investigators studied 771 patients who sought treatment for ED. Their average age was 56. The patients received a comprehensive screening for low testosterone and indicators of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors that increase the chances of developing heart and vascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Having three of the following five risk factors establishes the diagnosis of this syndrome: increased waist circumference (abdominal fat), low HDL (“good”) cholesterol, high triglycerides (fats in the blood), high blood pressure, and high blood sugar.
Among the 771 men, 18.3 percent of the men (141 men) had testosterone deficiency , which had previously been undetected, the authors found. The prevalence of hypogonadism in the general population of men age 45 and older is about 12 percent, Yassin said.
Of all the men in the study, 270 (35 percent) had type 1 or type 2 diabetes; in eight of the men, diabetes was a new diagnosis, according to study data. High blood pressure was found in 239 men (31 percent), and 12 of these men had been unaware of it. Among the 162 men (21 percent) who had dyslipidemia–abnormal cholesterol or triglycerides–nine of them had not previously been diagnosed. And 108 men, or 14 percent, had varying degrees of coronary heart disease. Five of them received this diagnosis for the first time, Yassin said.
Men with ED–especially older men–should therefore receive evaluation not only for ED but also for testosterone deficiency and any underlying signs of the metabolic syndrome, he advised.
Article Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-06/tes-ltm061408.php
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Experts take strong stance on testosterone deficiency and treatment
BOSTON – In an effort to address widespread concerns related to testosterone deficiency (TD) and its treatment with testosterone therapy, a group of international experts has developed a set of resolutions and conclusions to provide clarity for physicians and patients. At a consensus conference held in Prague, Czech Republic last fall, the experts debated nine resolutions, with unanimous approval. The details of the conference were published today in a Mayo Clinic Proceedings report.
Much of the controversy surrounding testosterone therapy stems from intense media attention on recent reports suggesting increased heart-related risks associated with testosterone treatment. “The importance of this meeting was to set aside the various distortions and misinformation that have appeared regarding testosterone therapy and to establish what is scientifically true based on the best available evidence,” said Abraham Morgentaler, MD, chairman of the consensus conference. Morgentaler is the Director of Men’s Health Boston and an Associate Clinical Professor of Urology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School.
After examining the best available scientific evidence, Morgentaler and colleagues — who included experts with specialties in urology, endocrinology, diabetes, internal medicine, and basic science research — agreed on the following:
- TD is a well-established, clinically significant medical condition that negatively affects male sexuality, reproduction, general health and quality of life.
- Symptoms and signs of TD occur as a result of low levels of testosterone and may benefit from treatment regardless of whether there is an identified underlying origin.
- TD is a global public health concern.
- Testosterone therapy for men with TD is effective, rational, and evidence-based.
- There is no testosterone concentration threshold that reliably distinguishes those who will respond to treatment from those who will not.
- There is no scientific basis for any age-specific recommendations against the use of testosterone therapy in adult males.
- The evidence does not support increased risks of cardiovascular events with testosterone therapy.
- The evidence does not support increased risk of prostate cancer with testosterone therapy.
- The evidence supports a major research initiative to explore possible benefits of testosterone therapy for cardiometabolic disease, including diabetes.
“It will be surprising to those unfamiliar with the literature to learn how weak the evidence is supporting the alleged risks of cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer,” said Michael Zitzmann, MD, vice-chair of the conference and a Professor in the Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology at the University of Muenster in Germany. “Indeed, there is substantial data suggesting there may actually be cardio-protective benefits of testosterone therapy.”
“The medical and scientific communities are still largely unaware of the major negative impact of testosterone deficiency on general health,” added co-author Abdulmaged Traish, PhD, a Professor of Urology at Boston University Medical Center. “The media-driven focus on unproven risks has obscured the known health risks of untreated testosterone deficiency: obesity, reduced bone mineral density, and increased mortality.”
Article Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/bidm-ets062116.php
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